Forsaken (tangled shore/dreaming city)
Shadowkeep (moon)
Beyond Light (Europa)
Are the dlc drops in that order. I'd work through each and every story campaign (also check the quest kiosk next to the postmaster) and then speak to every NPC and gather as many quests as possible (not bounties. Quests. Though might be worth grabbing bounties too).
Once that's sorted, do whatever! Work through those quests, raise your power level (thousands of guides online) or explore (secret missions are some of the best content Bungie has ever released - Presage, Harbinger are the currently accessible ones).
Most importantly, find and join a clan! Be active! Join their discord. At its core Destiny is a game about community, playing with people will lead to some of the best experiences you'll have in this game.
And once you're high enough light,
Do raids! Arguably the best content Destiny has, basically big 6 man missions. Grab someone willing to teach you the raid and some clanmates (or use LFG) and jump in!
Grandmaster Nightfalls are great PvE content too, but by the time you're GM ready, you'll probably know what you're doing.
As for you're weapons, don't worry about rolls, just ask someone who knows their -blam!-, and they'll tell you what to get rid of. Listen to them long enough and you'll pick up what to keep or get rid of.
Also, Pulse Rifles are the closest thing to Battle Rifles from Hal. No Time to Explain and Vigilance Wing are great accessible all round picks.
English
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After buying the DLC presage is not accessible - you have to pay again for previous season pass. Quite why beyond light deluxe contains these but the D2 Legendary edition doesnt is beyond me