http://destinydb.info/
I take credit for exactly 0% of this. All credit to the site creators. I am merely sharing. Blown away by the ammount of content here.
EDIT: As requested: SPOILERS at the link, so proceed with caution.
EDIT #2: Thanks to @deemark for pointing out this link: http://www.destinydb.com/ which contains all the info in the other link as well as a subclass tree calculator.
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People should not be taking this as a database of ALL the content in the full game. It's more like a database of all the content that can possibly be confirmed.