cabal are from a far off empire. this is what we know. the vex are a mystery still the hive were from a gas giant named the fundament (ok they had a home before that but it's not named). they left after they made the pact with the worms to destroy everything in the universe because if they can destroy it then it needed to be destroyed. the fallen are more interesting. there aren't a lot of specifics (imagine that), but we know that they were a proud race that the traveler bestowed a golden age onto. this ended with what they call the whirlwind. the hive searching for the traveler whom they think plotted to kill them on fundament. when all is lost the traveler leaves before the hive have the chance to destroy it. what remained of the elinski took to the stars to find the great machine (traveler) and take it back. "Where is the Great Machine? Where is the Great Machine?" —Chelchis, Kell of Stone this is from the doom of chelchis raid scout rifle. makes me feel kinda bad for them because they were still fighting when the traveler left. he said that right before oryx killed him by the way.

The Hive world is probably destroyed based on the Book of Sorrows. Same with the Fallen world if they left to follow the Traveler.