The new SIVA strike also describes a splicer nest located inside a crashed ship, which we know is a colony ship from the cosmodrome, looking at screenshots of Nessus.
The only discrepancy here is that there's no mention of an Exodus Black anywhere in the grimoire.
There is an Exodus Red though, which also crashed and we assumed Mala was on-board until now.
I think you're right though, there's too much circumstantial evidence to deny that Mala and Failsafe are same AI.
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Exodus Black is Destiny 2 lore per say. It was mentioned in a Gameinformer article concerning Destiny 2. It's on Nessus and is what sparked the OP'S theory of failsafe being Mala. Which I feel may be possible but we need more information until it can be put in stone (like all things)