Where does it say or even imply anything about our character's time of death? It could have been the day before we were revived for all we know.
Edit: just to make this clear, I'm not saying that you've definitely been dead for a day, I'm just saying that no one knows.
English
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"You've been dead a long time, so you're going to see some things that you might not understand" - Dinkly D Not the exact line, but even if you'd been dead for 30 years or so, you'd still know the current circumstances with the traveler. I think OP is correct but I'd like to look for myself so I'm going to re-read the lore.
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Because there is nothing left, not even light. My guess is all of his light was drained by one of the weapons of sorrow, probably the sword of crota. This prevents him from being able to be resurrected as he'd no longer be a dead guardian, just a dead human.