Okay reading all the comments i don't think people understand the OPness of the Hulks powers.
The definition of Hulks power is that he gets stronger the angrier he is. So given the foe, the Hulk will always have enough power to defeat said foe. He has grown cells stronger than adamantium, been fast enough to catch the heros like the Flash (but how overpowered the Flash is, is a whole different story), and smart enough to outwit Iron Man. The only way to lose the hulk can be defeated is if he is calmed down.
Goku's story has never been about being indestructible or the strongest being alive (his son, Gohan, is actually the strongest being in the DBZ universe, but again, a story for another time) Goku has died many many times because he was not strong enough. Thus why he got his shit smacked by Superman.
It's a fight Goku can't win because, under the assumption he doesn't know how to defeat Hulk, it would simply be a waiting game until Hulk is angry enough to catch Goku and tear him to pieces.