It has to be raised every once in a while. It doesn't weaken the economy, it adds more money in the pockets of low wage earners who live paycheck to paycheck meaning they spend all their earnings, putting it all back into the economy.
I'll wait for pseudo economists and fear mongers to cry about this (not that this is new anyways).
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Raising minimum wage is bad for the workers who will be laid off to compensate for money being allocated to workers wage. Companies and businesses will compensate for that raise in wage. It's just a fact of business. They're not just going to settle for a lower profit. They'll end up raising prices of goods, lay people off, change their production method, etc.
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Depends on the business. Employees at a call center making minimum wage would not consume the product of their employer. In all likelihood, neither would employees in retail like Nordstrom or Gap. And even for businesses that do, their employees make up such a small fragment of their possible customer pool.