I did the full Garden of Salvation raid and completed all seven puzzles, but I didn't have the Divine Fragmentation at the time. I went to go get it, and I couldn't join back on my raid group, and I couldn't be invited either. I have the emblem from the final chest, link attached, to verify my completion. Any help would be appreciated. Even a response telling me that I have to do it again would be better then letting my post drown into nothingness with no answer.
Unfortunately, you have to do it again. You cannot join a raid team after the final chest has been looted. Since you didn't have the quest at that time, you don't get Divinity.