Yep, there have been many beneficial bugs that lasted ages.
Colony through immune shields - worked until season 15
Breaking the glyphs on the witness early - still works
Craftening - lasted about 2 weeks
Telsto through immunity bubble - lasted 2 weeks
Many out of bounds - theres still hundreds
Frame-rate damage bugs - never removed permanently
Telesto crashing games - still works (just shoot a player with a bunch of telesto shots)
Ethernet cord crota - lasted a month
Pushing atheon off - lasted a month
Pushing templar off - lasted a month
Those are some different bugs throughout the years that werent patched immediately.
I dont know where people get the idea that anything beneficial gets patched or nerfed immediately.
Yep, bungie incentivised that by selling the weapon at xur the first weekend and told everyone to have fun (just like they did with the craftening)
Another long lived bug was telesto body armour (shoot your teammate with spread out bolts and the bolts would take the damage before they did. It lasted an entire season)