Fragments are account wide. Once you get one on one character, it's unlocked on the rest. Abilities/aspects come from the adventures, other then the base Abilities that come with prismatic the rest need to be unlocked through the into the light/dark quest after the campaign. Once you do the quest once the adventures are in the old tower in the pale heart you can walk to them start them to unlock the rest of the Abilities/aspects.

That’s easy, you already unlocked those on a different character. You could to look up a guide on where to unlock the remaining ones through puzzles in the Pale Heart