You aren't scaled all the way back. Where people get this idea, I'll never know. You are scaled back some, but not all the way back. The scaling back only occurs if you are above a certain threshold.
In year one of Destiny 1, you could do full damage to enemies 10 levels below you. This is why a Vision of Confluence did 890 precision damage to normal red health level 20 enemies and 890 precision damage to level 30 enemies at 300 attack and light level 30. After TTK, the scaling was changed, but it worked the same.
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Ahh vision of confluence how i miss you. I think they changed it to a 7 lvl swing. At least before the light changes