I did a bit of research and found this:
Guardians have about 200 hit points. 100 shield and 100 health
Spartans have about 115 hit points. 70 shield and 45 health
Seeing how guardians have more hit points and can deal damage in the thousands (don't forget the damage resistance from armor), I think Spartans would lose[spoiler]I looked at wiki sites[/spoiler]
English
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Gameplay =/= cannon