there have been changes to your pc. maybe not hardware but definitely software. not only the game getting updated, but windows updates and driver updates for your hardware (you are running those right?).
the loading into new areas issue you mention could be the hard drive can't retrieve the data fast enough to load it. maybe it's gotten too fragmented over time, try defragging the hard drive. do you have it on an ssd? it could also indicate some network issue of some kind. you threw a pretty broad net with the issues you mention but it's hard to point to bungie right away or more people would be having these same issues.
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Reinstalled on a fresh SSD and it loads faster, but still crashes in the same places.