To the first point. The game has never fully specified from where ghosts come, only that the traveler created them with "it's dying breath". Anyone who says otherwise lacks foundation beyond their personal head canon. We do not know where they come from. We do not even truly know if they are sentient or only intelligent. There is a difference, and you cannot tell it just by something being able to hold a conversation. To the second point. You can absolutely ignore everything that is said by the speaker to Ghaul. Even the speaker flat out says he's never had a two way conversation with The Traveler, he has his feelings, but we have no foundation for why or how guardians are chosen, only that thus far, the only creatures to be among the chosen were humans. It's actually a bit comical how they have that little quote about trying to trap the light but it will find a way at the end of the game as if they thought they'd come across some kind of philosophical gold.. When it's just a garbage line that has no deeper meaning. If you want your head cannon to be that your guardian is a 12 or 13 year old, there is nothing specifically precluding this... Nor is there a specific reason that a ghost is required to revive a human in the same physical age they were when they died. My presumption is that most guardians are revived in the age span of 19 to 23 as this is the human biological prime, but Osiris is clearly old AF and they can probably do younger. Though... Osiris' physical age may be a representation of his power, being that he's been able to survive decades without needing to be resurrected, meaning that the age of resurrection may be fixed but that the body is not immortal or unaging... As for why guardians are chosen, I suspect it has more to do with how they died then anything. But apparently it is canon that the revived have no memory, so how they died, or even when they died, is unknown... The resurrected is as likely to have been a fresh corpse or a precollapse civilian. The timeline of Destiny is all -blam!-ed and I've always assumed that "The Guardian" was a precollapse person based on the fact they are revived on a highway surrounded by rusted out cars, but absolutely nothing is canonized about your own guardian's identity or back story... It's kinda a "Make up your own story" type of thing. Third: The red legion is possibly responsible. It's not hard to stage a surprise attack. In the vastness of space, a coordinated attack on a satellite system from multiple points could just blow up the satellites and the only notice you'd have is sudden silence from their feed. Do it all the time in playing wildlands. You get a coordinated four man team it's just "identify priority targets, isolate, take position, three, two, one, mark *pop-pop-poppop* move on to the next set of targets.... After a few minutes the entire enemy compound is empty of all life without anyone having even known you were there. The same tactics can be applied to just about any engagement as long as you are the aggressor, it's the holding of territory that's hard, not the taking of it. That said, yes, it is entirely possible Rasputin just flicked a switch and let the attack happen. Rasputin is not our ally, just an interested party. Fourth. Rasputin is not "jealous" of the traveler, so much as weary of it. It is a challenge to "his" power. Rasputin was created to preserve humanity... I think... But he has evolved beyond his original parameters. Think of him like a lich in other fantasy series. An undying king. He is... Interested in the guardians... But only tolerant of them as long as they don't challenge his power. Good story telling would have been that Rasputin went to war against the Iron Lords because they were trying to wake an insane war mind that if freed would have consumed the earth, consuming him in the process. Meh story telling is that Rasputin went to war over siva because..... *shrug*... Rasputin's a dick or something and didn't want guardians to have access to a useful tool that would have helped them secure the earth against attack by Vex, Cabal, and Hive gods. Siva destroyed the Iron Lords because of Rasputin's involvement, not because of it's innate nature. The entire Ironic Erection story arch is poorly written and only half thought out. As someone new to Destiny, what you really need to understand is that Destiny has the weakest supported story in gaming history up to and including Super Mario Bros. There are some third party web pages dedicated to the destiny 1 lore, but because Bungie has actually blocked access to ALL of it in their web page revisions, it is safe to assume they are dismissing most of it as noncanon. There's a weapon called "No time to explain". It's an inside joke that isn't funny, based on the fact that over three years, no character in game has ever taken time to explain the events you are taking part in. "I don't even have time to explain why I don't have time to explain". If you're looking around the forums and wondering why so many people seem angry about the game, it's because we've been dealing with Bungie for three years doing the absolute minimum amount of work and were indicated that in the sequel we'd finally get some decent content, and instead got two middle fingers... So in summary. The game is decent. Fun enough to play. But don't ever hope to have a firm grasp of exactly what the frag is going on because Bungie can't write their way out of a paper bag. As long as you make up your own story and ignore the mindless nonsense that Bungie is feeding you, the game is great. If you care too much about the actual story line, you're going to have a bad time.

To the first point, no. Ghosts are beings that were made entirely out of the Traveler's Light with its last breath before falling dormant. Honestly, we don't know. I'd assume there is no age limit; Guardians are simply people who have the potential/ability to wield the Traveler's Light. Let's just assume it was the Red Legion. There's no evidence to suggest sabotage or betrayal. No, Rasputin wasn't jealous. I don't think an AI can be chosen by the Light. Besides, Rasputin was made to protect Humanity. A popular theory is that Rasputin shot the Traveler in order to keep it on Earth to protect humanity from the Darkness. I don't know how true this theory is, but it exists. But, no, Rasputin does not want the Light and it isn't jealous of the Traveler. Hope this answered your questions!

One thought that has occurred to me is that maybe the Vex manipulated things to allow the Cabal attack. I have no proof for this (may be completely wrong). But, I think it would begin to explain what Osiris saw during the trailer and why there are hundreds of Calus robots on the Leviathan. We'll see how things play out.