Two words for countering phalanx formation with modern tech: fire support.
Even a Mk.19 grenade launcher mounted on a humvee would be devastating to that kind of massed formation, while being fired behind defilade. The only enemies in the game that show any sort of professional military competence are the psions.
Given what I've seen in game, I'd put money on a battalion of US marines over 5 battalions of whatever enemy faction in the game any day. Marines can actually hit what they're shooting at at pointblank range more than 10% of the time.
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Like he said, what you're seeing is the destitute remains of these forces' former glory. Take all of what he described, and throw in a bunch of Photogoths, and Nexus minds, and Valus Tauraacs, and Barons, and tanks, and super knights and super wizards and crota, and multiply that by fleets and fleets of this stuff at the height of their power and civilization. That's 3 races versus 1. Then again, it's not guaranteed that the traveller and darkness are who we think they are. The answer to that might answer your question as well.