After an hour on Microsoft chat support with Angeli, he/she "checked with developers here" and confirmed that other people were having issues with the install on the disc version resetting. The highest I ever made it to was 29 percent before it kicked back down to zero. Often it would reset and between three or seven percent.
It is not an internet speed or connection issue. I wish I had just gone with a digital copy of the game at this point instead of waiting for the pre-ordered disc to arrive and not work.
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Also, the chat support person directed me to post on this forum or the Activision one, and I don't really want an Activision account for any reason.