What theories do you have on the origins or purpose of the Traveler? Was it constructed by some extra-galactic species and sent to assist Humanity? Was it a gift from future humans sent back in time? Is it self-made, almost like a God?
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Well if we look back to halo 3 there is a sphere at the center of the ark. The halo from the first game is around it being reconstructed. Being the heart of the ark and knowing the ark builds halos it could be surmised it is the heart of the halo making process. When the ark was destroyed it is possible the explosion was so large it ripped a hole in that universe and pushed this sphere into a different universe. So it is only logical to assume that this is how this similar sphere thing got into another Bungie game. In short the traveler makes Halo rings. The key to this making sense is to not analysis the many POSSIBLE flaws in this idea and just go with it.